Mathematical Functions

The Math class defines a number of methods that provide trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, and rounding operations, among others. This class is primarily useful with floating-point values. For the trigonometric functions, angles are expressed in radians. The logarithm and exponentiation functions are base e, not base 10. Here are some examples:

double d = Math.toRadians(27); // Convert 27 degrees to radians
d = Math.cos(d); // Take the cosine
d = Math.sqrt(d); // Take the square root
d = Math.log(d); // Take the natural logarithm
d = Math.exp(d); // Do the inverse: e to the power d
d = Math.pow(10, d); // Raise 10 to this power
d = Math.atan(d); // Compute the arc tangent
d = Math.toDegrees(d); // Convert back to degrees
double up = Math.ceil(d); // Round to ceiling
double down = Math.floor(d); // Round to floor
long nearest = Math.round(d); // Round to nearest